Genetically modified organisms
GMOs are genetically modified organisms. This means they are created by modifying the genes of a species, along with the introduction of foreign genes or DNA. These organisms are made with a focus on specific traits. For example, food stuffs can be altered genetically so their yield is higher and there is increased nutritional value. Various techniques of genetic engineering are employed for creating genetically modified organisms, also known as genetically engineered organisms.
Uses of GMOs
The purpose of GMOs is to make life easier for humans. GMOs are created with the well-being of humankind in focus. The many benefits that GMOs have today demonstrate this. They are used in research in medical fields, as well as in agriculture and pharmaceuticals.
Application of GMOs in Agriculture
Certain species of crops--including rice, wheat, sugarcane, ground nut and mustard--are susceptible to insect infestation, but provide large yields. If the genes of these crop species are introduced into a low-yield but insect-resistant variant of crop, then the yield of the genetically modified crop can be increased without raising the risk of insect infestation.
Effect on Economy
Agriculture is the mainstay economy of any country. GMO crops have made a tremendous positive impact on agriculture. According to Nutriwatch.org, "Herbicide tolerance allows crops to be grown with less or no tillage, thereby conserving soil, fuel and water." Since farmers need less tillage or cultivated land to grow GMOs, they can adopt conservation and zero-tillage practices, and as a result, GMOs benefit the environment and help conserve natural habitat for wildlife. The yield of GMO crops is generally higher than conventional crops, and GMO crops require less chemical pesticide, which in turn increases the nutritional value of the crops.
Increasing Nutritional Value of Food Products
GMOs are beneficial to countries that suffer from any kind of nutritional deficiency. It is well-known that vitamins, proteins and fat are an important part of everyday intake. However, many cultures around the world fall short in their intake of these needed nutrients. This issue can be addressed by introducing GMOs that are enriched in desirable nutritional properties--such as altered fat or protein content. Through the help of biotechnology, these nutrients can be introduced or concentrated in plants. For example, rice has been genetically engineered to contain more beta-carotene and iron that helps overcome iron deficiency in countries where rice is a principal food.
Ethical Issues
Although genetically modified organisms are a boon to the society at large, there are many ethical issues surrounding this topic. In fact, GMO food in the marketplace has resulted in low public trust in food safety assessment and management practices. One issue is labeling and traceability of GMOs. Many GMOs are patented by the organizations that develop them. Unfortunately, this means other countries and organizations will have to buy the rights to these patents on a yearly basis for its people to reap its benefits.
Tags: genetically modified, modified organisms, genetically engineered, genetically modified organisms, insect infestation